if虚拟语气的三种形式:①对现在情况的虚拟、②对过去情况的虚拟、③对将来情况的虚拟。
对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形。
Eg:If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。
对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:动词过去式
Eg:If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.
如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。
对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
提出过去的未发生的条件
主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词
从句:had+动词过去分词
Eg:If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.