谓语动词加s表示单数,名词后加s表示复数。主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
主谓一致
1、主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式。
(1)Uncle Li speaks a little English.
李叔叔会说一点儿英语。
(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)
(2)A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.
语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。
(主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)
(3)Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.
语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。
2、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
(1)Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。
(2)To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。
3、不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
(1)Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
(2)Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。
(3)Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。
4、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
(1)One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
(2)The United States is leading the world in science and technology .
美国常在世界科技方面领先。
5、a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
(1)A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。
(2)The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.
目前一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。
6、由some,several,both,few,many,a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
(1)Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
(2)A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。
7、由and连接两个主语时,如指同一人或物,谓语用单数;指不同的人或物,谓语用复数。p分页标题e
On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳。
8、有些短语,如:a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
(1)A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时,那家商店丢失了许多钱。
(2)A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.
去年出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。
9、主语为单数个不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时,谓语动词一般用单数。
10、主语为三单,或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词,如:money,information,clothing等,谓语动词用单数。