从属连词主要引出名词性从句,引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。
一.引导时间状语从句的从属连词
1.表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。when, while, as, whenever等。
Don’t talk while you’re eating.
吃饭时不要说话。
2.表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。before, after
Try to finish your work before you leave.
离开前设法把工作做完。
3.表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。since, until, till
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight.
她从八岁起就打网球了。
4.表示“一…就”的时间连词。as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call.
我一干完就给你打电话。
5.表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次)
You can call me any time you want to.
你随时都可以给我打电话。
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
二.引导条件状语从句的从属连词
if, unless, as [so] long as, in case
Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。
注意:在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。
三.引导结果状语从句的从属连词
so that, so…that, such…thatI went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。
四.引导原因状语从句的从属连词
because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)He distrusted me because I was new.
他不信任我,因为我是新来的。
五.引导让步状语从句的从属连词
although, though, even though, even if, while, however
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.
他将铁棍折弯,仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。
六.引导地点状语从句的从属连词
where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。
七.引导比较状语从句的从属连词
than和as…as
She was now happier than she had ever been.
现在她比过去任何时候都快活。
八.引起名词从句的从属连词
that, whether, if
He replied that he was going by train.
他回答说他将坐火车去。
注意:引导名词从句的从属连词主要有that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分,而且没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。p分页标题e