1. be doing/ be about to do/be on the point of doing / had done…,when…(when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)
1). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry forhelp.
2). I was about to leave when it began to rain.
3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing theexam was over.
2. It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就……
It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会…
It is/ has been +时间段+ since…..
It was +点时间+ when…..
It was +时间状语+ that …..(强调句)
1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of theposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险 (动作已发生)
2). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)
3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he lefthere.(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起)
4). It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.
5) It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
3. once…..一旦….., 表示时间和条件
1)Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have nodifficulty doing the work.
2). Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do itwell.
4. The +比较级…….，the +比较级……..越……, 越……
1) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
5. whether….or…. 无论是….还是….
1). Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as theyplanned.
2). Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.
6. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +结果句 或 祈使句+ and +结果句
1). Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
2). More effort, and the problem would have been settled.
7.every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ anytime等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当….., 每次…..,下次…..”
1). Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer toyour dictionary. (When you meet with new words every time…..
2) Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.
3) You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
8. There is (no) need to do…../ for …. (It is( not )necessary for sb. todo….
There is( no )hope/ chance / possibility of doing….
There is( no )difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay( in )doing
1). Is there any chance of us/ our winning the match?
2). There is no point in discussing the problem again.
There be 句型：there be 之后如有几个并列主语，be 动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。
1). There is a pen and two books on the desk.--> There are two books anda pen on the desk.
There be 句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：There seem to be,
There happen to be, There used to be, There is likely to be, There havebeen/has been 等p分页标题e
1). There seems/ appears to be much hope of our team winning the match.
2). There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in.
3). There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.
4). There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street.
5). There are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we arecarrying out the plan.
9. it 强调句：基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分
e.g.: I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
( It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)
( It was him who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)
( It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)
( It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (强调是 昨天下午，不是在别的时候, 强调的是时间，但不用when)
10.do, did, does 用于强调谓语动词，加强语气
1). He is a good student.--> He does be a good student
2). He helped us yesterday. ( He did help us yesterday.
3). Be careful! ( Do be careful!
11. not/ never ……. until 直到…..才
1). The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until allthe fish died in the river.
(It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagersrealized how serious the pollution was. (强调句)
(Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize howserious the pollution was.(倒装句)
12. not only….. but (also)…..
引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。
1). Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examinedregularly.
2). They suggested we should not only attend the party, but give aperformance.
( They suggested we should give a performance as well as attend theparty
not only….. but (also)…..引导并列句时，not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装
1). Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his Germancitizenship was taken away.
2). Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how toenjoy ourselves in our spare time.
13. would rather +从句(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望;从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望)
1). I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在就把信寄出去。
2). ---A friend of yours will come to see you today. 你的一位朋友今天要来看你。
--- I’d rather he came here tomorrow. 我倒情愿他明天来。
3). I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we couldspend more time together. 我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
4). I’d rather I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没见到她。p分页标题e
14. so, neither/ nor 引导得倒装句
表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so, neither/ nor 引导得倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。
1). He has finished his homework, so have I.
2). My sister prefers coffee, so do I.
3). John can’t ride a bicycle, neither/ nor can I.
若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用It is /was the same with sb. 或 So it is/was with sb.
1). He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.
若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。
1). ---It is cold today. ---Yes. So it is
2). ---He visited Tokyo last week. --- Yes. So he did.
15. 倍数表达法：
A + 谓语+倍数+the +n.(size/ height/ length……)+of B
A + 谓语+倍数+as + abj. + as B
A + 谓语+倍数+adj. 比较级+than B( A + 谓语+adj. 比较级+than B+by+倍数
1).This square is twice the size of that one.
( This square is twice as large as that one.
( This square is once larger than that one.
2).This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 yearsago.
3).He is 3 years older than I-( He is older than I by 3 years
16.as/ with表示“随……进展”，as 后面接句子，with后面接短语
1). With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and moreserious.
(As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and moreserious.
17. with 的复合结构(作状语或作定语)
with+ n. +adj. (with可以省略)
1).(With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly andcarefully.
(Because the street were wet and slippery, ……….
2). The students were listening to the teacher, (with)their eyes wideopen.
( The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wideopen.
with+ n. +adv. (with可以省略)
1). He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side out
with+ n. +prep-phrase (with可以省略)
1). The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth.(Also:pipe in mouth)
with+ n.+ to do/ to be done (动词不定式的动作还未进行)
with+ n.+ doing/ being done (动词不定式的动作正在进行)
with+ n.+ done (动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n. 所处的状态)
1). With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is havinga hard year.
2). He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling
3). With the temple being repaired, we can’t visited it.
18. 以here, there, in, out, up, down等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)
1). Here comes the bus! (=The bus is coming here! )
2). Away he went. 他走远了(若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装)
19.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句
1). In front of the house stopped a police car.
p分页标题e2).Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand.
20. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely,no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case 等
1). Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.
2). In no time did the man realize what was happening.
3).In no case can you tell him the truth.
4). Hardly had the train left when he remembered he had left his suitcaseon it.
No sooner had the train left than he remembered he had left his suitcase onit.
21.the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, on doing…表示“一….就”
1). On arriving (his arrival )at the airport, he was surrounded by thereporters .
2). ---Have you give John the book? ---Yes, the moment I saw him.
22. while/ but ：while侧重两者之间的对比，but 多指一件事的两个对立面。
1). He likes listening to music while I like watching TV.
2). I badly wanted that book, but I haven’t enough money.
23. only to do 作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find, learn, to betold, to be caught等
1). His father disappeared, never to heard from again.
2). He hurried to his office, only to be told that he was dismissed.
24.only +状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装
1). The teacher told me that only in that way, could I learn Englishwell.
2). I received my mother’s call at 11a.m., only then did I remember it wasmy birthday today.
25. taste, smell, look, sound, feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。
1). Apple of this kind taste very nice.
2). Smelling nice, this kind of bread sells well.
26.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell, cut , wash, last,burn等。
1).His latest work sells well
2). Dry wood burns easily.
27.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义
1).I have never seen a better film.
2).I can’t agree you more. 我非常同意
28.It的句型
①. 不定式作主语，it作形式主语：
It +系动词+adj./ n..+ for sb. to do (for sb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)
It +系动词+adj.+ of sb. to do (of sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征)
1). It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
2). How rude of him to treat a child like that!
3). It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语：
主语+think/ consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +todo
1). I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
2). The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.
It is said/ thought/ hoped/ believed…..that……
Sb. is said/ thought/ hoped/ believed to do…..
p分页标题e1). It is said that he is studying abroad.--> He is said to be studyingabroad.
2).It is considered that many countries highly value China’s role inhelping world’s peace.
( Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helpingworld’s peace.
It is time to do/ It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式 该是做…..的时候了
1).It is time that we ended the discussion.
29. 虚拟语气中的重点句型
If +were/ did (动词过去式)， 主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+do(用
来表示对现在情况的假设)
①. I don’t have a cell phone. If I had one , it would be convenient for meto contract others.
If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+have
done(用来表示对过去情况的假设)
②. If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.
If +were/ did (动词过去式)， 主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+ do
were to do should do (用来表示对将来情况的假设)
③. If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would goshopping with you.
虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，
可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。
①.Should he act like that again, he would be fined. (If he should act likethat again, ……
Were he to act like that again, he would be fined. (If he were to act likethat again, ……
***If he acted like that again, ……(不可以倒装)
②. Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have beensaved.
( If the doctor had come in time last night, ………..
③. If I had time now, I would go to the film with you.(不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词)
But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for
①. But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’thave been saved.
(If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers onboard……
②. But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.
( If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easylife.
再suggest, insist, demand, require, request, order, advise,propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should )do的形式
①. Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 o’olock.
对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.(不是建议、要求、命令或主张)
②. His suggestion that Tony (should) be invited to the party wasrefused.(同位语从句)
对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.(不是建议、要求、命令或主张)
30. as if/ as though…..(表示与事实相反，用虚拟;若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气)
1). He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.p分页标题e
2). Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they hadbeen friends for many years
3). The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
31. n. /adj. / adv. / v. + as / though +主语+谓语，…… 尽管……,…….引导让步状语从句
1).Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.
2). Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
3). Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.
32. rather than
1).It is better to ask for help at the beginning rather than to wait untila busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet.
2).It is the boss who is to blame rather than the workers.
33. 疑问词+ever = no matter +疑问词, 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句
1). Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away .(让步状语从句)
You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like ( 名词性从句)
2). Whenever you comes, you will be welcome. ( 让步状语从句)
3). Whatever happens, I will support you. ( 让步状语从句)
4). Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 让步状语从句)
Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名词性从句)
5). However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it. ( 让步状语从句)
34. if/ as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposingthat/ on condition that 假如…..
1). I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3months.
35. given that/ considering that 考虑到….., 鉴于……
1). Given her interest in children/ Given that she is interested inchildren, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
2). Considering his age and his experience, he has done well.
36. in case that/ in case of….. 万一….., 以防…..
1). In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.
2). In case that John comes/ John should come, tell him to wait.
37.can never/ can’t 与too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分”
1). While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.
2). He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.
3). William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking, in a word, Icouldn’t speak too highly of him.
4). The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a goodknowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learningEnglish.
5). Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.
38. 表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图
had hoped to do=hoped to have done.。类似的词还有：expect, think, intend, design,plan, mean, suppose等
would like/prefer/ love to have done
was/ wee to have done
was/were supposed to have done
1).--- Did you go to see the film “Titanic” last night?
---I’d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.
2). The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning, but was held up bythe heavy fog.p分页标题e
