一、及物动词和不及物动词的用法
动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.
b.主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用与:"主+谓"结构.如:
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin都是作"开始"讲.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是"升高;举起".He lifted his glass and drank.
二、宾语补足语的用法
一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如:I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)、什么动词后可有宾语补足语:
1、在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有:consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构,think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。
2、在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有:love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。